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metadata.rede.dc.title:	Brazil and climate change: vulnerability, impacts and adaptation
metadata.rede.dc.contributor.author1:	Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (Brasil) (CGEE)
metadata.rede.dc.publisher:	Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos
metadata.rede.dc.date.issued:	2009
metadata.rede.dc.description.resumo:	According to the 4th report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and oceans temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level". The Panel's systematic analyses indicate that the increasing average global temperature of the planet will be even greater in the future and demonstrate that this warming is caused by the accumulated anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), from burning of fossil fuels, and methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), generally derived from agricultural activities. So an increase in average global temperatures between 2 and 4.5ºC is expected by the end of the century. The subject of climate change is already part of international economic and political reality with repercussion in various fields of knowledge, and demanding scientific and technological developments and the adoption of innovations. The risks associated with the growth of climate vulnerability bring about increased commitments and corporate responsibilities with mitigation measures and adjustment of production processes and consumption patterns. The question of adaptation to climate change has become increasingly important in negotiations of the Climate Convention. Accordingly, the IPCC report indicate that the Non-Annex 1 countries (developing countries) may have more difficulty in coping with these impacts and addressing the rising costs of adaptation to climate change. Even though Brazil is not among the most vulnerable group of countries in the world, global climate change can manifest itself in the country in several areas: increased frequency and intensity of floods and droughts; agricultural losses and threats to biodiversity; changes in hydrological regimes with impacts on the hydropower capacity; increase of endemic diseases carrier, amongst other consequences. Furthermore, the increase in sea levels could affect Brazilian coastal regions, especially the seaboard cities. Brazil has already adopted many fresh initiatives assembling expertise in the matter of climate change: under the responsibility of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), the launching of the Brazilian Network on Global Climate Change (RedeClima), the foundation of the National Institute for Climate Change Science and Technology (INCT - MC), and the creation of the Center of Earth Systems Science (CCST), inside the National Institute for Spatial Research (INPE); and under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment (MMA), the statement of the National Plan on Climate Change (PNMC) at the end 2008, and the establishment of the Brazilian Panel on Climate Change, together with the MCT. These new initiatives came up to enhance the previous institutional apparatus bodies in charge of this subject, like the Inter-ministerial Commission on Global Climate Change (CIMGC), acting also as Designed National Authority (DNA), and the National (FBMC), States and Cities Climate Change Forums, with a motivation and mobilization character. To carry knowledge on this subject to a level consistent with the requirements and importance of the theme, the science and technology sector needs to enhance the integration of vulnerability and impacts research, development and innovation into the science and technology agenda, in order to be able to establish adequate criteria to build and implement adaptation strategies in a rational way, aiming to guarantee a sustainable future for the Country.
metadata.rede.dc.description:	Conteúdo: Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Brazil and climate change - the context / Carlos A. Nobre -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Definitions -- 1.3. Brazilian emissions and the potential for mitigation -- 1.4. Is it possible to choose between mitigation and adaptation? -- 1.5. Final comments -- 2. Scenarios for climate change for South America for the end of the 21st century / Carlos A. Nobre , Gilvan Sampaio, Luis Salazar -- 2.1. The impact of climate changes on ecosystems -- 2.2. Impacts of climate change on agro-systems -- 3. Impact, vulnerability and the adaptation of forests to climate change / Thelma Krug -- 3.1. Introduction and concepts -- 3.2. Climate change and natural variability -- 3.3. How can we predict the impact of climate change in the forests? -- 3.4. Adaptation of forests to climate change -- 3.5. Scenarios -- 3.6. The future and the needs -- 3.7. Preliminary recommendations -- 4. Vulnerabilities, impacts and adaptations to climate change in the agricultural sector and agricultural soils / Magda Aparecida de Lima, Bruno Jose Rodrigues Alves -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Effects of different atmospheric concentrations of CO2 on plants -- 4.3. Vulnerabilities of pasture areas and animal production systems -- 4.4. Vulnerability of agricultural soil -- 4.5. Effects of climate change on forests -- 4.6. Significant extreme events for agriculture -- 4.7. Projected impacts and risks for agriculture in Brazil -- 4.8. Adaptations of agriculture to climate change -- 4.9. Preliminary recommendations for adaptation policies and strategies for the agricultural sector in terms of climate change -- 5. Analysis of the vulnerability of brazilian biodiversity in the face of global climate changes / Vanderlei Canhos, Marinez Siqueira, Alexandre Marino, Dora Canhos -- 5.1. Global climate changes and their impact on the natural ecosystems of South America -- 5.2. Vulnerability of brazilian ecosystems in the face of global climate changes -- 5.3. Vulnerability of priority conservation areas in Brazil -- 5.4. Analyses of biodiversity vulnerability in the face of global climate changes -- 5.5. Conclusions -- 6. Vulnerability, impacts and adaptation (VIA) to climate change in the semi-arid region of Brazil / Jose A. Marengo -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The climate of the Northeast -- 6.3. Climatic variability -- 6.4. Current vulnerability to extremes of climate variation in the semi-arid region of the Northeast -- 6.5. Impacts of climatic extremes in the economic history of the semi-arid region -- 6.6. Actions to monitor the climatic vulnerability of the semi-arid region -- 6.7. Vulnerability of the semi-arid region to future climate changes: possible risks and impacts of climate change -- 6.8. Preliminary considerations concerning actions and the adoption of policies and strategies for adaptation to climate change -- 7. Energy and water resources: vulnerability, impacts and possibilities for adapting hydroelectric power generation in Brazil to global climate change / Marcos Aurelio Vasconcelos de Freitas, Joao Leonardo da Silva Soito -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change -- 7.3. Effects and climate vulnerability on hydrology and water resources. -- 7.4. Hydroelectric power and uses of water in Brazil -- 7.5. Adaptation measures in the Brazilian hydroelectric system and in water use to the risks of global climate change -- 8. The impacts of climate change on brazilian cities / Wagner Costa Ribeiro -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Urbanization in Brazil -- 8.3. Adaptation, vulnerability and socio-environmental risk in brazilian cities -- 8.4. Risk and adaptation situations in brazilian cities -- 8.5. Final considerations -- 9. Global climate change and human health in Brazil / Ulisses E. C. Confalonieri -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Methodological aspects -- 9.3. The fourth report of the IPCC -- 9.4. Vulnerability study in Brazil -- 9.5. Vulnerabilities and adaptation -- 9.6. Conclusions and recommendations -- 10. Information for a national science technology and innovation agenda on vulnerability, impacts and adaptation (VIA) related to climate change / Jorgen Leeuwestein, Antonio Rocha Magalhaes -- 10.1. Vulnerabilities, potential impacts and possible methods of adaptation -- 10.2. Principal initiatives and policies of science, technology and innovation (ST&I) relating to vulnerability, impact and adaptation (VIA) -- Annex - Participants in CGEE Workshops
metadata.rede.dc.subject:	Inovação tecnológica Política
metadata.rede.dc.identifier.uri:	https://repositorio.mcti.gov.br/handle/mctic/5210
Appears in Collections:	Publicações CGEE

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